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- CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
- (as amended to 1970)
-
- PREAMBLE
-
- We, the people of the State of Illinois - grateful to Al-
- mighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty
- which He has permitted us to enjoy and seeking His blessing
- upon our endeavors - in order to provide for the health,
- safety and welfare of the people; maintain a representative
- and orderly government; eliminate poverty and inequality;
- assure legal, social and economic justice; provide oppor-
- tunity for the fullest development of the individual; insure
- domestic tranquility; provide for the common defense; and
- secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos-
- terity - do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
- State of Illinois.
-
- ARTICLE I
-
- BILL OF RIGHTS
-
- Sec. 1. All men are by nature free and independent and have certain
- inherent and inalienable rights among which are life, lib-
- erty and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights
- and the protection of property, governments are instituted
- among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of
- the governed.
-
- Sec. 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property
- without due process of law nor be denied the equal protec-
- tion of the laws.
-
- Sec. 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and
- worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaran-
- teed, and no person shall be denied any civil or political
- right, privilege or capacity, on account of his religious
- opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall
- not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations,
- excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices incon-
- sistent with the peace and safety of the State. No person
- shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place
- of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference by
- [probably should read "be"] given by law to any religious
- denomination or mode of worship.
-
- Sec. 4. All persons may speak, write and publish freely, being re-
- sponsible for the abuse of that liberty. In trials for li-
- bel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published with
- good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient
- defense.
-
- Sec. 5. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner,
- to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions
- to their representatives and to apply for redress of griev-
- ances.
-
- Sec. 6. The people shall have the right to be secure in their per-
- sons, houses, papers and other possessions against unreason-
- able searches, seizures, invasions of privacy or intercep-
- tions of communications by eavesdropping devices or other
- means. No warrant shall issue without probable cause, sup-
- ported by affidavit particularly describing the place to be
- searched and the persons or things to be seized.
-
- Sec. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense
- unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in
- which the punishment is by fine or by imprisonment other
- than in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in
- cases arising in the militia when in actual service in time
- of war or public danger. The General Assembly by law may
- abolish the grand jury or further limit its use. No person
- shall be held to answer for a crime punishable by death or
- by imprisonment in the penitentiary unless either the
- initial charge has been brought by indictment of a grand
- jury or the person has been given a prompt preliminary
- hearing to establish probable cause.
-
- Sec. 8. In criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right
- to appear and defend in person and by counsel; to demand the
- nature and cause of the accusation and have a copy thereof;
- to meet the witnesses face to face and to have process to
- compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf; and to
- have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the
- county in which the offense is alleged to have been com-
- mitted.
-
- Sec. 9. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except
- for capital offenses where the proof is evident or the pre-
- sumption great. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
- shall not be suspended except in cases of rebellion or in-
- vasion when the public safety may require it.
-
- Sec. 10. No person shall be compelled in a criminal case to give evi-
- dence against himself nor be twice put in jeopardy for the
- same offense.
-
- Sec. 11. All penalties shall be determined both according to the
- seriousness of the offense and with the objective of restor-
- ing the offender to useful citizenship. No conviction shall
- work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. No person
- shall be transported out of the State for an offense com-
- mitted within the State.
-
- Sec. 12. Every person shall find a certain remedy in the laws for all
- injuries and wrongs which he receives to his person, priva-
- cy, property or reputation. He shall obtain justice by law,
- freely, completely, and promptly.
-
- Sec. 13. The right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall re-
- main inviolate.
-
- Sec. 14. No person shall be imprisoned for debt unless he refuses to
- deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors as
- provided by law unless there is a strong presumption of
- fraud. No person shall be imprisoned for failure to pay a
- fine in a criminal case unless he has been afforded adequate
- time to make payment, in installments if necessary, and has
- willfully failed to make payment.
-
- Sec. 15. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public
- use without just compensation as provided by law. Such
- compensation shall be determined by a jury as provided by
- law.
-
- Sec. 16. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of
- contracts or making an irrevocable grant of special priv-
- ileges or immunities, shall be passed.
-
- Sec. 17. All persons shall have the right to be free from discrimin-
- ation on the basis of race, color, creed, national ancestry
- and sex in the hiring and promotion practices of any employ-
- er or in the sale or rental of property.
-
- These rights are enforceable without action by the General
- Assembly, but the General Assembly by law may establish
- reasonable exemptions relating to these rights and provide
- additional remedies for their violation.
-
- Sec. 18. The equal protection of the laws shall not be denied or
- abridged on account of sex by the State or its units of lo-
- cal government and school districts.
-
- Sec. 19. All persons with a physical or mental handicap shall be free
- from discrimination in the sale or rental of property and
- shall be free from discrimination unrelated to ability in
- the hiring and promotion practices of any employer.
-
- Sec. 20. To promote individual dignity, communications that portray
- criminality, depravity or lack of virtue in, or that incite
- violence, hatred, abuse or hostility toward, a person or
- group of persons by reason of or by reference to religious,
- racial, ethnic, national or regional affiliation are
- condemned.
-
- Sec. 21. No soldier in time of peace shall be quartered in a house
- without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war except
- as provided by law.
-
- Sec. 22. Subject only to the police power, the right of the indi-
- vidual citizen to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
-
- Sec. 23. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil
- government is necessary to preserve the blessings of lib-
- erty. These blessings cannot endure unless the people recog-
- nize their corresponding individual obligations and respon-
- sibilities.
-
- Sec. 24. The enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall
- not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the
- individual citizens of the State.
-
- ARTICLE II
-
- THE POWERS OF THE STATE
-
- Sec. 1. The legislative, executive and judicial branches are sepa-
- rate. No branch shall exercise powers properly belonging to
- another.
-
- Sec. 2. The enumeration in this Constitution of specified powers and
- functions shall not be construed as a limitation of powers
- of state government
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